Human Skeleton - tibia

tibia (general view):

medial condyle:

lateral condyle:

tibial tuberosity:

medial malleolus:

Human Skeleton - spine (vertebrae)

Typical vertebral structures:


1. body:

2. transverse process (3 examples):

3. spinous process:
4. laminae: 

5. vertebral foramen:

superior articular process:

inferior articular process:

Cervical (C1 - C7):

1. "atlas"  (C1)


2. "axis" (C2):

"dens" is the nub sticking out at the top (axis, superior view).

cervical vertebrae are the ONLY vertebrae that have transverse foramina  (axis, inferior view)

3. "vertebra prominens" (C7)



Thoracic (T1 - T12) - typical vertebrae: 

(thoracic vertebrae, inferior view)

             thoracic vertebrae have exceptionally long/prominent spinous processes and NO transverse foramina.

Lumbar (L1 - L5):

lumbar vertebrae have very LARGE "bodies", NO transverse foramina, and relatively short spinous processes.

Sacral (S1 - S5) - 5 fused bones:

Coccyx (Co1 - Co4) - 4 little bones on average:

Human Skeleton - foot

foot (general view):

Tarsals (7 bones):

1. calcaneous

2. talus:

 

3. navicular:

4. cuboid:

Notice that cuboid tarsal lines with BOTH the 4th toe and 5th ("pinky") toe. This arrangement is UNLIKE the hand (where the analogous bones to the tarsals of the foot are the carpals of the hand), in which the distal-most row of carpal bones each match up with their own (exactly one) phalange of the hand.

 

5. medial cuneiform:

cuneiform means "wedge-shaped".

6. intermediate cuneiform:

lateral cuneiform:

Metatarsals:

phalanges (of the foot):

 

Human Skeleton - hand

hand (general view):

Carpals (8 bones):


1. scaphoid:

2. trapezium:

3. trapezoid:

4. capitate:

5. lunate:

 

6. triquetrum:

 

 7. pisiform:

hamate:

Metacarpals:

 

phalanges (of the hand):

 

 

Human Skeleton - sacrum

sacrum (general views):

(Anterior view of the sacrum)

(Posterior view of the sacrum)

median sacral crest:

alae:

sacral foramina:

sacral canal:

sacral hiatus:

sacral promontory:

auricular surface: